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1.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 82(3): 211-217, jun. 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-608822

RESUMO

Introduction: Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) in children constitute a Public Health issue. They represent the main cause of admission to hospitals and ICU use throughout the winter months. The benefit of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in its treatment is not clearly defined. Objective: Describe the results of use of NIV in hospital, outside of ICU in children with severe ARIs. Patients and Methods: Population included all children < 2 y.o. with probable or confirmed viral AlRI with Tal score > 8 o > 6 without previous treatment response; all these seen between 8 June and 20 October, 2009. A management protocol was established, including monitoring and connection to NIV. A Vipap III (ResMed®) was used. Clinical characteristics and evolution of patients is described. Results: 113 patients were included, which amounted to 5.2 of all admissions for AlRI in that period. 80.5 percent (n = 91) showed a favorable evolution, with an average LOS of 76.1 hrs. The rest required conventional mechanical ventilation. No patient died. Conclusions: The use of NIV among these children is a valid and secure option. It can also be utilized outside of the ICU so long as it is limited to a restricted area, a management protocol, and trained staff.


Introducción: La infección respiratoria aguda (IRA) en niños constituye un problema de salud pública. Durante los meses de invierno representa la primera causa de ingreso hospitalario y de demanda de cuidado intensivo. El beneficio de la ventilación no invasiva (VNI) en su tratamiento no ha sido claramente definido. Objetivo: Describir los resultados de la aplicación de ventilación no invasiva fuera de la unidad de cuidado intensivo a niños con infección respiratoria aguda grave. Pacientes y Método: Se incluyeron niños < 2 años con IRA de etiología viral probable o confirmada y score de Tal > 8 o > 6 sin respuesta al tratamiento previo entre 8 de junio y 20 de octubre de 2009. Se estableció un protocolo de actuación, monitorización y conexión a VNI. Se utilizo un Vipap III (ResMed®). Se describen las características clínicas y evolutivas de los pacientes. Resultados: Se incluyeron 113 pacientes, el 5,2 por ciento de los ingresos hospitalarios por IRA en ese período. El 80,5 por ciento (n = 91) evolucionó favorablemente, con una estadía promedio de 76,1 horas. El resto requirió asistencia ventilatoria mecánica convencional. Ningún paciente falleció. Conclusiones: La aplicación de VNI en éste grupo de niños, constituyó una alternativa válida y segura. Su utilización puede ser extendida fuera del área de cuidado intensivo, siempre que se disponga de un área específica, protocolo de actuación y un equipo previamente capacitado.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Infecções Respiratórias/terapia , Respiração Artificial/métodos , Doença Aguda , Evolução Clínica , Infecções Respiratórias/patologia , Tempo de Internação , Estudos Prospectivos , Respiração com Pressão Positiva/métodos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do Tratamento , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica/organização & administração
2.
Rev Chilena Infectol ; 27(1): 47-51, 2010 Feb.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20140315

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: A varicella outbreak occurred in a Uruguayan village that introduced the varicella vaccine in 1999 with currently high vaccination rates. AIM: To investigate the cause of the outbreak, vaccine effectiveness, and to describe the measures adopted. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cases that occurred in the kindergarten and schools in the village were investigated. Vaccination cards were examined, history of chickenpox and clinical characteristic of the current episode were obtained and the outcome of the measures was evaluated. An estimate was made of the vaccine's effectiveness. RESULTS: 37 cases of varicella were reported, 14 occurring in previously vaccinated children, in a one total population of 313 children. The global effectiveness of the vaccine was 80%, and 100% for severe cases. A shift of cases towards older ages was demonstrated; vaccinated children had a trend of less fever and lower number of lesions. Immunization of healthy unvaccinated children, mainly adolescents stopped the outbreak. COMMENTS: The vaccine proved to be highly effectiveness. In an outbreak situation, immunization policies should consider "catch up" vaccination in non-immunized adolescents without a previous history of varicella.


Assuntos
Vacina contra Varicela , Varicela/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Adolescente , Varicela/imunologia , Varicela/prevenção & controle , Vacina contra Varicela/imunologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Uruguai/epidemiologia
3.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 27(1): 47-51, feb. 2010. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-537167

RESUMO

A varicella outbreak occurred in a Uruguayan village that introduced the varicella vaccine in 1999 with currently high vaccination rates. Aim: To investigate the cause of the outbreak, vaccine effectiveness, and to describe the measures adopted. Material and Methods: Cases that occurred in the kindergarten and schools in the village were investigated. Vaccination cards were examined, history of chickenpox and clinical characteristic of the current episode were obtained and the outcome of the measures was evaluated. An estimate was made of the vaccine's effectiveness. Results: 37 cases of varicella were reported, 14 occurring in previously vaccinated children, in a one total population of 313 children. The global effectiveness of the vaccine was 80 percent, and 100 percent for severe cases. A shift of cases towards older ages was demonstrated; vaccinated children had a trend of less fever and lower number of lesions. Immunization of healthy unvaccinated children, mainly adolescents stopped the outbreak. Comments: The vaccine proved to be highly effectiveness. In an outbreak situation, immunization policies should consider "catch up" vaccination in non-immunized adolescents without a previous history of varicella.


Un brote de varicela acaeció en un pueblo uruguayo que había introducido la vacunación anti-varicela en 1999 y tenía altas coberturas de vacunación. Objetivo: Investigar las causas del brote, la efectividad de la vacunación y evaluar las medidas adoptadas. Material y Métodos: Se investigó los casos ocurridos enjardines de infantes y colegios. Se revisó el carné de vacunación de cada niño además de averiguar por historia previa de varicela, las características clínicas de los casos y el resultado de las medidas adoptadas. Se hizo una estimación de la efectividad de la vacuna. Resultados: Se presentaron 37 casos de varicela, 14 de los cuales habían recibido la vacuna, en una población total de 313 niños. La efectividad global de la vacuna fue de 80 por ciento, y de 100 por ciento para los casos graves. Se constató un desplazamiento de la enfermedad hacia edades mayores; además, los casos en vacunados tuvieron una tendencia a presentar menos fiebre y un número menor de lesiones. La vacunación de aquellos que no habían tenido la varicela y no estaban vacunados antes, detuvo el brote epidémico. Comentarios: Se demostró la efectividad de la vacuna. La política de vacunación debiera evaluar si es necesario proceder a la vacunación "de rescate" en adolescentes no vacunados y que no exhiben el antecedente de haber padecido la varicela.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Vacina contra Varicela , Varicela/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Vacina contra Varicela/imunologia , Varicela/imunologia , Varicela/prevenção & controle , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Uruguai/epidemiologia
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